Carbureter.



N e. A. F. AHLBERG. v

CARBURETEB. APPLICATION FILED "AR. 5" ISM.

Patented Dec, 26, 1916.

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Pdtented Dec. 26,1916.

BEST-AVAILABLE cos v UNITED STATES rn rssw o FIc eus'rav A. sums, qrrmssmss, rnmss'rnrzazrsa.

" fhihnnnnrnn. 1,209,652. s ecincaasoqgmsl1 m. Patented Decay; e

Z '0 all whom it may-camera;

Be it known that I, GUSTAV A;

United States, residing; at Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny and acitizen of the State of Pennsylvania, have invented lcertain new and useful Improvements t on, refrence-being-had to the accompany- I viding novel means foiythe; heat" from the motor exhaust to heat carburcting reters, of which the followingis 'adc'scripe fication, inwhich corresponding numerals of referencein the diiferent figures indicate 'likepar'ts.

The object of my inventionjs"toiprovide a,

carbureterndapted to the" use or kerosene or other heavyhyd o-carbonoilsi -Wi'th this purpose in view, in'y iiivention consists in providing simple means for-initinting the action 0f 'saidq caibureter, proand mixing chambers for vafporizing the fuel after the device isstarted, in.providing novel means for automatically cdntrolling said heat in order to produce uniform and economical results, 1n providing effective to start the motor, and in providing auxiliary or emergency means whereby a portionof the oil. fed from the reservoir wh n. the motor is running at slow speed or with alight load, may be divertedfiin its passage to the mixing"; chamber and temporarily stored, to be utilized when required for higher spec or greatertaken upon the; line 2-, Fig. 1,, viewed in,

the direction of the arrow there shown. Fig. 2 is a like sectional'view forming a part of Fig. 2, being a continuation atthe left hand end thereof; Fig. 2" is a sectional wiew in plan taken upon the line 2", Fig. '2; Figs. 3, 4, and 5 "arevertica'l sectional views taken upon the lines 3, 4;.and- 5 respectirely, Fig. 2,'viewed: in the direction indicated by the arrows there shown ;v and Fig. (3 is a sectional view in plan taken upon the line 6-, Fig. l i e Referring to. the drawings, 1 indicates that portion of a carbureterca ino which is atfiippucaiionalqdfkhen we; bel-inhuman. a

1 g drawings, forminga pars r this'speci-fl stated:

.by means ofanelbow 20, with the pipe .17.

means for producing an initial vaporization power; all of which, with other incidental and novel 'fea jacketfi, as well tween the casing, and the pipe 25, is in a as ea. motor, a; ra erating, v r I M T'oaflange. i'arrangediiat right anglesgto the-flange 2,

iiigfiirov'idd for that purpose is 1' bolt dllor othei'wisefrigidly secured a J isiiitegral with an elon ated shell 5;f-the'-i1,i'terior,0f which is cylin rical and' is intended tofo'r'm a carb'u'retin chambei- (iv A .po'r'tionof said shell 5 is provided i with a jacket 7, for-the purpose he einafter x main eating case, generally. des ignated; by 9, is provided witha flange 10, Fig.1, which is bolted to a flange 11, formed uponthe part 7.] The heating case 9 is pro- .vided with an opening in thetop to which is I detachably secured iwtight cap 12, preferably paoteeted by means of anasbestos shield 13. -ithinthe shell '9 is a secondary shell 14, Fig, 2, between which 'and the outer shellis an annular space or chamber 15, for.

the, purpose hereinafter stated. Tapped into an annular flange 16 is a tubular member 17,-pp at but closed at'the trip, said member, provided with heat radiators 1 8. 'Ashort pipe 19 is connected Said pipe 19 :is adapted to 'connech'withthe motor exhaust so as to "receive therein the heated "products of combustion. Tapped into the bottom of the casing 9 is a plug 21, Fig. 2, having a conical "end, the apex I of semi-annular passage l-22 ifwit'h an annular chamber 23, in the jacket 7. Said chamber in him is in communication with anjex-f haust o'pening 24.

, heating. space between I the radiating member 17 and the inner wall 14; of'the as the annular space be communication with .the' outer atmosphere thro'ughfa passage 24, Figs. 2 and 2", the

effective opening to which is controlled by means of a sliding gate. 24",

by means of an adjusting screw'24.

A' metal tube 25 is inclosed within the tuheld ,in place and theefiectivel opening thereof controlled bular easing 5, and isarranged concentriw elbow '26, formed upon the latter. whilethe' cally therewith. One end of said tube is in communication with the tube 17, through an other end is incascd within a hollow plug said lever having bifurcated arms 53, ar-

flanged bore in the casing 1. Said plug is provided with lateral openings 28, to permit an exhaust from the tube 25.

A throttle valve 29, Fig. 2, is pivoted' diametrically in the pipe 19, said valve having an actuating arm 30 rigidly attached thereto. A link 31 serves to connect the end of the arm to'one arm of an elbow lever 32, pivoted at 33, to a boss 3A in the lower part of .the pipe 17. A lever 35 is connected to a pin 36 upon the depending arm of the lever 32. The upper end of the lever 35 is pivoted at 37 to a bracket 38. A rod 39 is located within the tube 25, and has one end pivotally connected at 40, to the lever 35,whilo the-opposite end is centrally tapped as shown at 41, Fig. 2, through the plu 27, and provided with a'luok-nut 42. I e device de scribed comprises athermostat and is so adiuptedthat when the carburetor is cold, the vilv'e29 will be fully open, but when heated the expansion of the rod 39 acting through the levers 35 and 32, and the link 31 and arm 3U, w a cause the valve to close more or less in proportion to the heat developed from the motor exhaust.

The part 1 of the casing is enlarged in diameter in the direction of the shell 9, as shown'in Fig. 2, so as to form a valve-chamber leading to a mixing chamber 43, into which a portion 44; of the casing 5 is ex tended in the form of a nozzle as shown. A valve 45, havin a hub 46, is slidably mounted upon the tu ular extension or nozzle $4, and adapted to fit a valve-seat 47, formed in the flange 4. Openings 48, Figs. 2, 3 and 5, are formed in the flange 4 to communicate with the atmosphere. A coiled spring 49 tends to hold the valve 45 normally closed.

Extending through bores in the flange 4,

- are pins 50, Figs. 1, 2 and 5, which are ri idly attached to the valve 45. A lever 51 is pivoted to a bracket 52 upon the flange 4;

ranged to engage the pins 50. The opposite end of said lever is in engagement with a spring 54, Fig. 2, which is interposed between it and an adjusting screv' which is tapped into' a bracket 56, on said casing. The head 57, of said screw is bored out to form a cavity for the reception of the spring, while peripheral grooves 58 are formed in said head to receive a. retaining spring 59 upon the end of the bracket '56. By means of the screw 55, the tension of the spring 54 may be adjusted to modify the resistance of the valve spring 49 to any desired degree.

Formed upon one side of the main casing is an oil reservoir 60, having a removable cap 61, which is centrally boredas shown in Fig. 3,10 recei e and guide a vertical valvestem 62, the upper end of which is covered and protected by a removable cap 63. Rig

.and adapted to lift the cmnterweights as oil is permitted to enter the reservoir.

The lower end of the valve rod 62 is tapered to form a valve and close an o I 69 in a valve-plug 70, having a centre guiding bore in its top for guiding the valve-rod and lateral openings 71, to permit the oil toenter the reservoir. A nipple 72 enables the reservoir to be connected with a supply tank from which a full feed may be received subject to the control of'the valve. The features of said device are common and well known, and I make no claim thereto.

An offset 73, Figs. 2 and 3, is formed in the reservoir casing directly beneath the.

main casing 5. A 111 74 is ta ped through the bottom of said flset foi the screwthreaded portion of a valve-stem 75, which is tapped therein. A plug'7 6 in axial alinement with the plug 74, 1s tapped intojthe main casing above said offset, so as toextend into the carbureting chamber 6, of the main casing. Said plug is provided with an enlarged feed bore 77, a reduced bore 78, to form the valve seat, and an enlarged bore 79 to form the discharge. The purpose of the latter enlargement will be presently stated. The middle portion of the valve-plug is reduced in diameter as shown, to fo r m, an annular chamber 80, into which oil may flow through lateral bores 81. The upper end of the valve plug is passed-through a herein a rin 82, located in the carbureting chamber to orm a restricted cross-sectional areds'o as to increase the suction past the fuellinlet opening as hereinafter described, said opening being made flaring as shown at 83. A

. hand-wheel 83" is secured to the valve stem,

arranged to communicate with the annular chamber 80, and also with a lateral bore 85. A hollow plug, generally designated by 86, is tapped into the casing from beneath", the lower portion thereof forming a supplemental or emergency reservoir 87, while the upper ortion 88, forms a nipple or discharge nozz e. Said nozzle is provided with a central bore 89, and lateral bores 90, in communication with the passage 85. Bores 91, also lead to the reservoir 87, to permit oil to enter the same from the passage 85, 'which maybe drawn therefromby suction preferably through a small siphon tube 85,

ing-

BEST AVAILABLE COP ncome as and for the purposes hereinafter set I forth. Betweenthe main casingfi and the tube 25,'is interposed a tube 92, which is arranged parallel with the-tube 25, which latter is groovedas'shown at 93 to fit said tube. v The tube 92 isopen at both ends, one

Of which isv bent downwardly .as shown at 94, to receive the no'zzle..88, while the other is bent upwardly as shown at 95, into a bore 96, Fig. 2-, which is incommumcation with a small discharge port 97, slightly below abore 101-, in communication with the bore.

- 96, for the purpose of controlling "the quantity of in el mixture which may be delivered *to the port 97.

In order to render the carbureter oper .ative-for starting the motor, it is desirable that the emergency reservoir87, as well as thecarbureting chamber, should be heated;

This I prefer to accomplish electrically. A

generator 101, Fig. 2.,has one of its terminals connected by a lead 102 with a coil 103,

- surrounding the reservoir 87,. the other terminal- 104 of said coil being extended to form a heating coil 105, within the casing 5, being interposed between said casing and .a thin copper tube 106. The opposite terminal of the coil 105 is carried by means of aolead 107, shown'in Fig. 1, and diagraminatically indicated in Fig. 2, back to the generator, the two coils being connectedin' parallel. I A switch 108 is interposed in the circuit. I especially recommend that the auxiliaryreservoir 87, be made very small with walls asthin as practicable, in order that it may be quickly heated. The operation of the carbureter isas follows: In starting the device, the switch 108 is closed until'the reservoir 87 and the car bureting chamber become" "iheatedfi The throttle valve 98 is then opened ,just enough through the port 97, and tube'.i92,-thereby- I causing a suction through the prifnarya et a il to expose/the port; 97, while still closing the: main passage through the carburetingfand mixing chambers. 'As a result iof; this ,efdjus't'ment, a strong suction, from the aspiration of the. motor, 1S induced 88, openings 90, passages 85 8.1., and valve opening 77.

drawn from the latter, ,rliseha'rgedtlirohghthe primary jet sawed-e it is commingled with the air'in the'tube 92, and the com bustible: mixture is, 'in' turn, delivered -thfougli the port 97, to. the combustion chamber-of the motor. As soon as the motor starts, the'products of combustion are dis charged from the exhaust, aport ion thereof to heat the "entire casing.

enters the, reservoir 87.

passing directly through the pipe 25 to the openings 85 P Ii' Passing through the pipe17and-jackets 15 and 23 respectively,'to the discharge 2%, thereby serving When this is accomplished, the switch 108 is opened, as is also the throttle valve 98. Upon opening the latter, the suction through the port 97 ceases and is transferred to the niain'body of the structure, thereby drawing atmo pheric air through the passage 2e, anclthe annular heating chamber inclosed by the jacket 9, into contact with retaliating surfaces 18, from whence it passes through the annular space between the main casing and the heating pipe 25, past the throttle valve 98, to; the motor. On its Way it passes the restricted zone formed bythering 82, therebyJproducing a strong suction which causes fuel to be drawn from the jet opening 79 intotli'e carbureting chamber 6. The quantity ofyfuel so drawn 13, of course, controlled by the valve 7 5.

his a result of the suction through the main fuel startingjet 88, thereby drawing heated air downwardly therethrough, and thence through the bores 90, passages and St, to

the lateral openings 81, in the 'inain jet,

where it cominingles with the fuel passing upwardly through the discharge bore 79,

- the upper part of which is enierged to pro-' vide for such additional volume. As oil is conveyed through the main jet, a portion of it tends to flow laterally, through the openings 81 into the passage 84, and thence jet 79, a downward or reverse suction is induced through the primary or j ice to the bores 91, Fig. 4, through which it i This reservoir is intended as an emergency supply. When the motor is running slowly, or upona light load, the tendency is'to fiil the reservoir; but when the speed or load is increased, fuel is drawn therefrom the increased sucticn through the passage 8%, thereby coin-t mingling air and fuel in the bore 79, with the fuel which is; drawn from the main oil reservoir, to supplement and aid the action in the carbureting chamber in which heated air drawn-through the main heating" applience is conimingled with the fuel which is vaporized thereby and conveyed to the mix ing chamber 43. Each aspiration of the motor serves to produce a partial vacuum behind the valve 45, which causes it to open and admit atmospheric air to commingle in the mixing chamber with the supply drawn from the carbureting chamber. The volume of air thus admitted may be controlled to the utmost nicety. by means of the spring 54;, and ad usting nut 55;1tbemg stood. that the tension ofthe spring should be somewhat more than sutiicient to normally close the valve'and hence any beck Eff-2 1T 1 FE COPY pressure caused by the spring 54, and the intervening lever 51, would tend to reduce the closing premure upon the valve. It will thus be seen that the air and fuel control is automatic, being proportionate to the load and s d of the motor. a

It 15 knownthat the heat uired to raise kerosene to a temperature w ich will cause it to give out the highest .motive efficiency must be closely regulated and maintainedwithin certain limits. Should the heat in the storage reservoir betoo low or too high, the excess in either direction will increase the fuel consumption and lemen the accomplished work. It is therefore essential that the controlling factor should be automatic. means of the thermostat describe The expanding rod 39 is so adjusted by means of the ad usting screws described that when the carbureter is cold, the throttle valve 29 will stand fully open as shown; but as the heat within the pipe 25 is increased, said rod will expand, thereby moving the interposed levers closing the throttle to the desired de-v gree, andproportionately shutting off the supply of heat from both the pipe 25 and the main heating reservoir.

I have found in practice that by following the operation described, a motor may be readily started with kerosene alone and that the combustible mixture is so perfectly blended and so uniform in character as to insure the maximum working efiiciency, and

' that without smoke or odor.

In effect what I have in the example illustrated, termed the carbureting and mixing chambers, constitute one main passage intervoning between the air inlet and the discharge outlet, while the tube 92, into which the primary jet discharges constitutes an alternative passage for a like purpose,one or the other of said passagesbeing brought into commission according to the predetermined position of the throttle valve in the outlet passage, it being understood tliat when the starting jet is used, the-carburetor is heated by the electrical current and when the shift is made to the main jet, the heat is intended to be supplied wholly from the motor exhaust.

Having. thus described iny invention, I

claim 1. A carburetor havin a carbureting chamber, a mixing cham r,"said mixing chamber having an outlet adapted to lead to a, motor, a separate conduit leading to a discharge port in immediate communication with said outlet, aprimary fuel jet leadin to said conduit, means or admitting air to said conduit and Tcarbureting chamber, a main fuel jet in communication with said carbureting chamber, a source of liquid fuel supply in communication with each of said jets, an electric heating coil This is accom lished by.

in a normally open circuit for heating said i conduit and a valve located in the outlet of said mixing chamber, said valve being disposed, when slightly opened, to cause a Suction to be maintained through said conduit while substantially closing the outlet from said mixing chamber, and when further opened to permit the suction to act upon' the mixing chamber, whereby a heated mixture is first drawn through said conduit to start the motor and then through said chambers to continue its operation.

2. A carburetor having in combination therewith a aarting device comprising a fuel reservoir, a fuel jet in communicationwith said reservoir, a conduit leading from the outlet of said jet to a mixtl re discharge "port, said jet being arrangeditodischarge lnto theopen end of said conduit, means for admittm air around said jet into said open end, arottle valve located at the outlet of said/ carburetor, ada ted when partially open to subject said-discharge port to the suction of a motor while substantially closing the main discharge opening from of liguid fuel supply, a main jet leading there tom-to said chamber, an intervening passage leading from the body of said jet between the inlet and discharge openings thereof to a startin jet, a starting jet, an open-mouthed tube eading therefrom to a port opening into the discharge outlet of said carbureting chamber, to come commingled fuel andair thereto, a thrott e valve in said discharge" outlet adapted when in a predetermined partially open position to expose said discharge port to the suction of a motor while substahtiallv closin the outlet from said carbureting cha her, and when in a more open osition, to permit a full suction from said discharge .outlet, a source of electricity, electrical heatin means for heating said fuel and ,tubo,.an means for opening and closin said circuit wherebly when 881d circuit is c osed and said throtte partially opened, an explosive mixture may be drawn through said startingn'et and tube to start a motor and when urther opened, the suction may be through said main jet and carbureting chamber. 5

. 4. A carburetor having an. air inlet and i a discharge outlet in combination with 'intervening alternative carbureting pa one of which is inclosed within the other, with a space between them, a source of liquid fuel supply, two fuel jets in communication therewith, one being arranged passages. A

REST AVAILABLE co to discharge into one and the other into the other of said passages, a source of electrical energy, an electrical heating coil arranged to form a lining for the larger of said car bureting passages whereby both may be heated and meanslocated in the discharge outlet of the carbureter for shifting the motor suction from one to the other of said 5. A 'carbureter having an air inlet and a discharge outlet, intervening alternative main and auxiliary carbureting passages in communication therewith, a source of liquid fuel supply, a main fuel et 1n communication therewith and with said main carbureting passage, a valve for controlling the same, a continuously open starting jet -in' 'open communication with said auxiliary carbureting passage, said starting jet hav. ing a. branch fuel passage leading'th'ereto from apoint in the fuel supply conduit connected with said main jet in" advance of said controlling vvalve, an emergency fuel reservoir in communication with said branch passage, and a valve located in said discharge outlet for shifting the motor suction from one of said carbureting passages to another, Wherebywhensaid suction causes a fuel discharge from said startingjet, fuel may be drawn in said emergency reservoir, as well as to said starting jet and when said discharge outlet valve is reversed, fuel may be drawn from said emergency reservoir through said. branch to said main jet to supplement the latter and meet excessive fuel demands.

6. A carburetor having an air inlet and a discharge outlet alternative main and auxiliary carbureting passages, the open fuel and air inlet of the latter being within the body of the former, a source of fuel supply, a valve controlled main fuel jet for delivering fuel therefrom to said main car- 'bureting passage, a starting jet having its discharge end in operative proximity to the inlet of said auxiliary carbureting passage, a branch fuel passageleading to said starting jet from the conduit through which .fuel

is directly supplied to said main fuel jet,

an emergency fuel reservoir in communication with said branch. fuel passage and means located in the discharge passage of said conduit for shifting the motor suction from one carbureting passage to the other.

7. A carburetor having an air inlet and a discharge outlet, intervening alternative carbureting passages in. communication therewith, a source of liquid fuel supply, a main fuel jetin comn'umication therewith, and with one of, saidpassages, a, starting fuel jet in communication with the other passage, said starting fuel jet being in communication with the fuel passage leading to said main jet, electrical. means for temporarily heating the walls of said carburetor, means for conveying the heated prod nets of combustion from a motor into proximity to the walls of said carburetor to heat the same after starting, and means located in. said discharge outlet for shifting the motor suction from one of said carlmreting passages to another whereby when said main. jet is in commission, air will be drawn from said starting to the fuel passage leading to said main jet.

8. A carburetor having an air inlet and a discharge outlet, intervening alternative carbureting passages in communication therewith, a source of liquid fuel supply, a main fuel jet in communication therewith, and with one of said passages, a starting fuel jet in communication with the.

other passage, said starting jet being in communication with the fuel passage lead ing to said main jet, an emergency fuel reservoir in. communication with. the branch passage leading to said starting jet, electrical means for temporarily heating the walls of said ca rburetcr, means for conveying the heated products of combustion from a motor into proximity to the walls of said carburetor to heat the same after starting,

EMMA LEA lt'fow'rsoar nur.

this second day of 

